ASP.NET Core: Step by Step Guide to Access appsettings.json in web project and class library

In ASP.NET Core configuration API provides a way of configuring an app based on a list of name-value pairs that can be read at runtime from multiple sources.Its time to get over with web.config to store and access appSettings keys. Please note that class libraries don’t have an appsettings.json by default. The solution is simple to access appsettings.json key/value pairs in your project through Dependency Injection principle in ASP.NET Core. DI has been already part of Core framework, You just have to register your dependencies in startup.cs file under ConfigureService method.

My appsettings.json

{
  "ServiceSettings": {
    "NewsMainUrl": "https://newsapi.org",
    "NewsApiKey": "abc"
  },

  "BALSettings": {
    "Source": "xyz",
    "FilterTerms": "abc;def;"
  }
}

Step 1: Create Model/Entities classes that has properties that match the settings in a section in appsettings.json

Create a class for BALSettings

namespace Tweet.Entities
{
    public class BALSettings
    {
        public string Source { get; set; }
        public string FilterTerms { get; set; }
    }
}

 Create a class for ServiceSettings

namespace Tweet.Entities
{
    public class ServiceSettings
    {
        public string NewsMainUrl { get; set; }
        public string NewsApiKey { get; set; }
    }
}

Please note that in case you want to access the section of appsettings.json in class library project, then create above entities class in separate class library project in order to avoid circular dependencies conflict between projects in one solution. There is strong chance your web project might be dependent on that class library project.

 

Step 2: Register appsettings.json section with relevant model classes in DI container


You need to get the appsettings.json section and then bind it, It is done by populating relevant model classes and adding them to the IOptions collection in the DI container and then registering them in Configure() method of the Startup class of ASP.NET Core project

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
   services.Configure<BALSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("BALSettings"));
   services.Configure<ServiceSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("ServiceSettings"));
}

Step 3: Access appsettings.json section in MVC or WebAPI controller in ASP.NET Core Project

You can access that class from any method that the framework calls by adding it as a parameter in the constructor. The framework handles finding and providing the class to the constructor.  
Include Microsoft.Extension.Options in controller to work with IOption collection.

using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

public class TestController: Controller
{  
    private readonly IOptions<BALSettings> _balSettings;
    private readonly IOptions<ServiceSettings> _serviceSettings; 

    public TestController(IOptions<BALSettings> balSettings,
                          IOptions<ServiceSettings> serviceSettings)
    {
        _balSettings = balSettings;
        _serviceSettings = serviceSettings;
    }
 
    public IActionResult About()         
    {
       ViewData["Source"] = _balSettings.Value.Source;
       ViewData["NewsMainUrl"] = _serviceSettings.Value.NewsMainUrl;
    }
}

Step 4: Access appsettings.json section in Class Library Project

Asp.Net Core DI resolve all dependencies before creating controller. As we have already registered our model classes which are containing relevant sections of appsettings.json in startup code.

I have a class library project and I am accessing appsettings.json section in it using below code.

using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

public class NewsService : INewsService
    {
        private readonly IOptions<ServiceSettings> _serviceSettings;

     public NewsService(IOptions<ServiceSettings> serviceSettings)
        {
            _serviceSettings = serviceSettings;
        }

        public string composeUrl()
        {
            return _serviceSettings.Value.NewsMainUrl + "&apiKey=" + _serviceSettings.Value.NewsApiKey;
        }
    } 

Please Note:
If you want to access appsettings.json key/value data in class library project then you have to add Microsoft.Extensions.Options from NUGET to your relevant class library project, otherwise IOptions collection wouldn’t be accessible to class library project.

Nuget package manager console command:

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Options 

or using nuget package manager 

Posted in: ASP.NET Core,MVC